Selenium and nano-selenium transform postharvest preservation of horticultural produce

Postharvest losses in fruits and vegetables due to microbial decay and physiological disorders account for 20% to 40% of global food production. A comprehensive review examines the use of selenium (Se), particularly selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), as a multifunctional approach to mitigate spoilage, extend shelf life, and provide nutritional biofortification.   

Advantages of Nanoparticles Over Ionic Selenium

The study compares ionic Se (selenite and selenate) with SeNPs, emphasizing that nanoparticles offer higher stability, controlled release, and reduced toxicity. SeNPs delay senescence by suppressing respiration rates and transpirational water loss. Furthermore, they boost cellular antioxidant defenses by enhancing key enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD), while lowering reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation.   

In addition, SeNP treatments significantly reduce chilling injury symptoms in cold-stored perishable crops, maintaining cell wall integrity and flesh firmness. 

Edible Coatings and Antimicrobial Efficacy

Incorporating SeNPs into biopolymer matrices like chitosan, alginate, and starch improves the mechanical strength and gas barrier properties of edible coatings. These nano-coatings exhibit potent antimicrobial activity against major postharvest pathogens, including Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium digitatum, and Fusarium oxysporum. 

Green-synthesized SeNPs using plant extracts or microorganisms represent a safer and eco-friendly route for direct food-contact preservation. Nevertheless, researchers stress the need for further chronic toxicity assessments, dietary safety limits, and commercial scale-up protocols.  

Source

Bokhary, S. U. F., Zhang, W., Liu, B., Alamri, A. S., Alhomrani, M., Rawdkuen, S., & Sun, J. (2026). Selenium and nano-selenium in horticultural produce: from preharvest biofortification to postharvest preservation. Food Quality and Safety, fyag084. https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyag084