Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) are starchy root vegetables from the Solanaceae family that are widely consumed around the world. They originated in the Andean regions of southern Peru and northern Bolivia and are currently cultivated globally, typically as a summer crop in temperate regions and as a winter crop in subtropical lowland areas. Potatoes are now considered the most important non-cereal food commodity and represent an affordable source of carbohydrates, making them essential for food security.
They have long served as a staple food, particularly in developing countries. From a nutritional perspective, potatoes are a source of carbohydrates, minerals, vitamin C, dietary fibre, and carotenoids. Therefore, they contribute to a balanced diet and help meet nutritional needs, especially in regions affected by hunger, poverty, and nutrient deficiencies. Consumption varies across regions: in developed countries, adults consume up to 150 g per day, whereas in African and Latin American regions, intake can range from 300 to 800 g daily, reflecting their dietary importance.
Pre-harvest factors such as cultivar selection, soil conditions, irrigation, climate, temperature variations, and pest control have a significant impact on tuber quality. Environmental stresses, including nutrient imbalances and high temperatures, can affect carbohydrate metabolism and storage performance. In addition, biotic stresses caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses can negatively influence physiological quality and shelf life.
Post- harvest management aims to maintain potato quality during storage by controlling conditions such as temperature, relative humidity, gas composition, light exposure, and the use of sprout inhibitors. Inadequate storage conditions may result in cold-induced sweetening, microbial spoilage, internal defects, and sprouting, which reduce both quality and market value. For this reason, strict quality assessment is required to meet commercial standards, and all stages of the production chain must be properly coordinated to avoid damage and ensure optimal management.
Traditional methods for assessing potato quality are oftenmanual, time-consuming, and subject to variability and potential errors. More advanced analytical techniques, such as high-performance liquid chromatography, texture analyzers, protein analyzers, colorimeters, and refractometers, provide accurate results but are generally destructive. In contrast, recent developments have introduced non-destructive approaches based on imaging and spectroscopy, which enable rapid evaluation of both external and internal quality.
Although numerous studies have examined pre-harvest agronomic factors, cultivation practices, and post-harvest quality separately, there is still a lack of an integrated approach that links pre-harvest conditions with post-harvest physiological and compositional changes, as well as the role of non-destructive methods. Pre-harvest conditions determine the initial physiological and biochemical state of potatoes, which in turn influences their behaviour during storage. Since post-harvest changes are dynamic, continuous monitoring is necessary, and non-destructive technologies can support this process across different stages.
The objective of this review is to compile current knowledge on potato quality by linking pre- and post-harvest stages, with a focus on abiotic, biotic, and technological factors that influence its development and preservation. It also considers non-destructive techniques, particularly imaging and spectroscopy, and their potential for rapid and comprehensive quality evaluation. By integrating pre- and post-harvest perspectives and incorporating non-destructive approaches, this review aims to offer a comprehensive framework that can support decision-making in research, academia, production, and industry, ultimately contributing to improved potato quality.
The main figure used in this work corresponds to Figure 3 of the referenced article:
Potato samples: (a) healthy skin, (b) green skin, (c) black skin, (d) scab-diseased skin, (e) broken skin, (f) mechanically damaged skin (open access)
A Comprehensive Review on Pre- and Post-Harvest Perspectives of Potato Quality and Non-Destructive Assessment Approaches. Applied Sciences. MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16010190